Geology
Earthquake Magnitude vs Intensity: Size and Local Shaking
Magnitude describes the size of an earthquake at its source. Intensity describes the shaking and its effects at a particular place. One earthquake therefore…
Read article
← All topics
Follow an interest
Geology
Understand rocks, tectonics and processes that shape the landscape.
Explore Geology
Filter articles →
Landforms
Physical vs Chemical Weathering: Differences and Examples
Physical weathering breaks rock into smaller fragments without changing the chemical composition of its minerals. Chemical weathering alters or dissolves minerals through reactions with…
Read article
Geology
Plate Tectonics Explained: Plates, Boundaries and Motion
Tectonic plates include crust and rigid mantle. Compare three boundary types, understand subduction and collision, and see what drives and measures plate motion.
Read article
Geology
Geomorphology Quiz: 24 Questions with Answers
This geomorphology quiz tests how well you understand the processes that shape landforms, from weathering and landslides to rivers, dunes, coasts and glacial valleys.…
Read article
Landforms
What Is a Doline? Karst Sinkholes Explained
A doline (also seen as “dolina”) is one of the most recognizable features of karst terrain: a closed depression that pulls water inward and…
Read article
Geology
Ventifact Explained: Wind-Polished Rocks in Deserts
A ventifact is one of the clearest “signatures” of wind erosion: a rock face worn smooth, faceted, or pitted by airborne sand. They’re common…
Read article
Geology
What Is a Deflation Hollow? Wind Erosion Explained Simply.
A deflation hollow is a shallow ground depression formed when wind lifts and carries away loose sediment from the surface (a process called deflation).
Read article
Landforms
Glacial Erosion Landforms: Ice-Carved Valleys, Fjords, and More
Glacial erosion landforms are bedrock shapes carved by moving glacier ice. The trick is that ice erodes valley floors and walls at the same…
Read article
Landforms
Water Erosion Landforms: Rivers, Rain, and Flowing Water
Water erosion landforms are the shapes made when moving water removes rock or soil and carries it away. Rivers carve valleys and gorges. Storm…
Read article
Landforms
Wind Erosion Landforms: Types, Examples, and How They Form
Wind erosion landforms are the shapes left behind when moving air becomes a cutting tool—sand as sandpaper, dust as cargo, and bare ground as…
Read article
Landforms
Landforms Created by Erosion: Types, Processes, and Examples
A cliff face that looks freshly cut, a valley narrowed into a gorge, a desert ridge shaped like it’s been sanded into alignment—erosion leaves…
Read article
Landforms
The World’s Rarest Landforms You’ve Never Heard Of (With Examples)
In most school atlases you meet mountains, plains, valleys and maybe a famous canyon or two. But Earth’s surface is full of stranger shapes…
Read article