Explainers & Big Questions
Caspian Sea: The Largest Lake in the World
The Caspian Sea sits between the Caucasus and Central Asia and touches Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan. It behaves like a lake, is called a sea, and…
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Physical Geography
Explore Earth’s physical systems—from mountains and rivers to climate patterns and fragile ecosystems. This hub organizes our best guides to landforms and water, weather and climate, biodiversity, and today’s pressing environmental issues. Start here, then dive into focused subtopics or explore places by continent, country, and city.
Explainers & Big Questions
What Causes the Change of Seasons?
Each March, the Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the Sun, ushering in spring’s warmth and blossoming life, while the Southern Hemisphere sinks into autumn’s cooler embrace. But beyond these…
Flora & Fauna
What is the Biggest Parrot in the World? Unveiling the Avian Giants
The quest to identify the world's biggest parrot takes us on an exciting journey, examining two particular contenders: the Hyacinth Macaw and the Kakapo. These two species exemplify…
Flora & Fauna
The Biggest Bird in the World
Birds can be compared by body mass, standing height, or wingspan, and those measurements do not point to the same species. Living birds can be measured directly, while…
Explainers & Big Questions
Are the Caucasus Located in Europe or Asia?
The Caucasus sit between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, a rugged bridge where empires, languages, and tectonic plates meet. Stretching roughly 750 miles (1,200 kilometers), the…
Landforms & Water
Garni Gorge: Armenia’s Basalt Canyon
Just east of Yerevan, a river canyon slices through a 127,000-year-old lava flow and reveals an organ-pipe wall of stone. Locals call it the “Basalt Organ,” others the…
Landforms & Water
Lake Sev
Lake Sev (Armenian: Սև լիճ, romanized: Sev lich; Azerbaijani: Qaragöl; both meaning "black lake") is a lake situated on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The majority of…
Landforms & Water
Lake Parz
Lake Parz (Armenian: Պարզ լիճ, romanized: Parz lich, lit. 'Clear Lake') is a small, serene lake located in the Dilijan National Park, situated east of the town of…
Landforms & Water
Lake Kari
Lake Kari (Armenian: Քարի լիճ, K’ari lich, literally “Stone Lake”) sits high on the southern slopes of Mount Aragats in Armenia, a compact alpine lake framed by moraines…
Landforms & Water
Lake Arpi
Lake Arpi (Armenian: Արփի լիճ, romanized: Arp’i lich; Turkish: Arpa Göl) is a significant natural reservoir located in the Shirak Province of Armenia. Positioned on the Ashotsk plateau…