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Physical Geography

Explore Earth’s physical systems—from mountains and rivers to climate patterns and fragile ecosystems. This hub organizes our best guides to landforms and water, weather and climate, biodiversity, and today’s pressing environmental issues. Start here, then dive into focused subtopics or explore places by continent, country, and city.

Flora & Fauna

The Biggest Bird in the World

Birds can be compared by body mass, standing height, or wingspan, and those measurements do not point to the same species. Living birds can be measured directly, while…

8 min read
Landforms & Water

Lake Sev

Lake Sev (Armenian: Սև լիճ, romanized: Sev lich; Azerbaijani: Qaragöl; both meaning "black lake") is a lake situated on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The majority of…

2 min read
Landforms & Water

Lake Parz

Lake Parz (Armenian: Պարզ լիճ, romanized: Parz lich, lit. 'Clear Lake') is a small, serene lake located in the Dilijan National Park, situated east of the town of…

2 min read
Landforms & Water

Lake Kari

Lake Kari (Armenian: Քարի լիճ, K’ari lich, literally “Stone Lake”) sits high on the southern slopes of Mount Aragats in Armenia, a compact alpine lake framed by moraines…

5 min read
Landforms & Water

Lake Arpi

Lake Arpi (Armenian: Արփի լիճ, romanized: Arp’i lich; Turkish: Arpa Göl) is a significant natural reservoir located in the Shirak Province of Armenia. Positioned on the Ashotsk plateau…

2 min read
Landforms & Water

Lake Akna (Kotayk)

Lake Akna (Armenian: Ակնա;) is a crater lake situated in the eastern part of the Kotayk Province in Armenia, lying within the boundaries of the Gegham mountains. This…

2 min read