Landforms · Explainers
What Is a River Terrace? Formation, Types and Diagrams
Quick answerA river terrace is a step-like remnant of an older river valley floor, left above the active channel after the river cuts to a lower level. Its…
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49 articlesLandforms · Explainers
What Is an Alluvial Fan? Formation, Diagrams and Examples
Quick answerAn alluvial fan is a spreading accumulation of sediment where a stream or sediment-rich flow leaves a confined valley and deposits material on more open ground. Its…
Rivers · Place guides
River Capture Explained: How Drainage Routes Change
What is river capture?River capture, also called stream piracy, happens when water that formerly drained through one river system is diverted into another. It changes the drainage network,…
Ebro River · Landforms · Map guides
Ebro River Map: From Northern Spain to the Delta
The Ebro begins close to Spain’s northern coast but does not take the short route to the Bay of Biscay. Its course leads inland and southeast to the…
Lisbon · Landforms · Map guides
Tagus River Map: Tajo, Tejo and the Route to Lisbon
The river beside Lisbon has already crossed a large part of Spain before it reaches Portugal. Its changing name can hide that continuity: the Spanish Tajo, Portuguese Tejo…
Portugal · Borders · Map guides
Douro River Map: Duero, the Border and the Wine Valley
One river from Spain to the AtlanticThe Douro and Duero are the same river: Douro is its Portuguese name and Duero its Spanish name. It rises in Spain,…
Kathmandu · Cities & capitals · Map guides
Kathmandu Geography: Valley, Rivers and Heritage Map
Kathmandu is a Himalayan capital, but the streets at its center do not sit on a snowy summit. The city occupies a much gentler surface inside a mountain-ringed…
Hanoi · Borders · Place guides
Hanoi Geography: Red River, Lakes and City Boundaries
Hanoi’s geography is easier to understand when three things stay separate: the city center, the wider municipality and the Red River landscape. Each describes a different scale, and…
Niger River · Countries & regions · Map guides
Niger River Map: Route, Countries and Two Deltas
The Niger River’s route is easy to misread: it starts in Guinea, curves far into the West African interior, and reaches the Atlantic in Nigeria. Along the way,…
Volga River · Lakes · Map guides
Volga River Map: Course, Tributaries and the Caspian Sea
Where does the Volga River flow?The Volga flows through European Russia from the Valdai Hills to the Caspian Sea. About 2,193 miles (3,530 kilometers) long, it is Europe's…
Nairobi · Cities & capitals · Map guides
Nairobi Geography: Map, Elevation, Rivers and National Park
Nairobi challenges two common assumptions about African cities: that a place near the Equator must be uniformly hot, and that a large capital must be physically separate from…
Countries & regions · Map guides
Congo River Map: Course, Source, Countries and Basin
Where is the Congo River?The Congo River flows through Central Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. Its upper course is called the Lualaba; farther downstream it passes Kisangani, curves…