Explainers & Big Questions
Caspian Sea: The Largest Lake in the World
The Caspian Sea sits between the Caucasus and Central Asia and touches Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan. It behaves like a lake, is called a sea, and…
Geography hub
Landforms & Water
Rivers, lakes, seas, coasts, mountains, valleys, deserts, and more—concise explainers and case studies with maps, cross-sections, and quick facts.
Explainers & Big Questions
Are the Caucasus Located in Europe or Asia?
The Caucasus sit between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, a rugged bridge where empires, languages, and tectonic plates meet. Stretching roughly 750 miles (1,200 kilometers), the…
Landforms & Water
Garni Gorge: Armenia’s Basalt Canyon
Just east of Yerevan, a river canyon slices through a 127,000-year-old lava flow and reveals an organ-pipe wall of stone. Locals call it the “Basalt Organ,” others the…
Landforms & Water
Lake Sev
Lake Sev (Armenian: Սև լիճ, romanized: Sev lich; Azerbaijani: Qaragöl; both meaning "black lake") is a lake situated on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The majority of…
Landforms & Water
Lake Parz
Lake Parz (Armenian: Պարզ լիճ, romanized: Parz lich, lit. 'Clear Lake') is a small, serene lake located in the Dilijan National Park, situated east of the town of…
Landforms & Water
Lake Kari
Lake Kari (Armenian: Քարի լիճ, K’ari lich, literally “Stone Lake”) sits high on the southern slopes of Mount Aragats in Armenia, a compact alpine lake framed by moraines…
Landforms & Water
Lake Arpi
Lake Arpi (Armenian: Արփի լիճ, romanized: Arp’i lich; Turkish: Arpa Göl) is a significant natural reservoir located in the Shirak Province of Armenia. Positioned on the Ashotsk plateau…
Landforms & Water
Longest River in the World: The Nile
From the sacred springs of Lake Victoria in East Africa to the glittering sands of Egypt’s Mediterranean delta, the Nile has woven its way through millennia of civilization.…
Landforms & Water
Lake Akna (Kotayk)
Lake Akna (Armenian: Ակնա;) is a crater lake situated in the eastern part of the Kotayk Province in Armenia, lying within the boundaries of the Gegham mountains. This…
Landforms & Water
Lake Geneva: History, Geography, and Highlights
Lake Geneva, or Lac Léman, is a substantial body of water situated on the northern side of the Alps, straddling the borders of Switzerland and France. Renowned as…